Deal #4566Version 94308Version 95891
Intended size
60β€―719.98 ha
60β€―700 ha
Size under contract (leased or purchased area)
  • [2009-03, current] 60719.98 ha
  • [2009-03, current] 60β€―700 ha
Size in operation (production)
  • [current] 16187 ha
  • [2018, current] 16187 ha
Comment on land area
Lake Turkana Wind Power project concession covers an area of 607 square kilometres (60700 ha). Within the concession, the wind farm development occupies 162 square kilometres (16200 ha).
Intention of investment
  • [2009-03, current] Wind farm (16187 ha)
  • [2009-03, current] Other (44β€―532 ha)
  • [2006, current] Wind farm (16187 ha)
Comment on intention of investment
The remaining area acting as a buffer around the wind farm site. The actual Wind Farm site is 40,000 acres (16187 ha), of which LTWP’s permanent structures occupy less than 87.5 acres. The remaining land, representing 99.8% of the Project site, is open to the public and continues to be used by the local nomadic population
Carbon offset project
Yes
Comment on nature of the deal
The project area has been leased from the Government of Kenya (GoK) for a period of 99 years- although another source states only 15 years.
The project area has been leased from the Government of Kenya (GoK) for a period of 99 period.
Implementation status
  • [2014] Project not started
  • [2014-10] Startup phase (no production)
  • [2017, current] In operation (production)
  • [2009] Project not started
  • [2014] Startup phase (no production)
  • [2018, current] In operation (production)
Comment on implementation status
Construction began in October 2014. 50 to 90MW of capacity expected to be commissioned by 2015 January . The pastoralists from Loiyangalani and Marsabit South districts, filed the case to stop the project until their grievances are addressed. The project was completed in 2017, however the line evacuating the power generated was not completed until July 2019. In 2021, Lake Turkana Wind Power said it takes full advantage of digitisation.
The Lake Turkana Wind Power Project was granted the exclusive study rights in 2006, followed by the lease agreement signing in 2009. Construction began in 2014, and operations commenced in 2018​.
Comment on jobs created (total)
LTWP is the largest private employer in Marsabit County. To date, the Project has employed approximately 3,000 people. Currently, LTWP employs 329 people, of whom 85% come from Marsabit County, 14% from other parts of Kenya and 1% from outside of Kenya.
LTWP is the largest private employer in Marsabit County. To date, the Project has employed approximately 3,000 people. Currently, LTWP employs 329 people, of whom 85% come from Marsabit County, 14% from other parts of Kenya and 1% from outside of Kenya. 330 local employees; 2,500 employed during construction.
Comment on jobs created (domestic)
900 jobs planned during construction, 150 jobs planned full-time once the plant is operational. Another report presented more than 2,500 people were employed during the LTWP construction period, 75 percent of whom were local residents. LTWP employs 329 people, of whom 85% come from Marsabit County, 14% from other parts of Kenya and 1% from outside of Kenya.
Actors involved in the negotiation / admission process
  • Marsabit County Council Government / state institutions (government, ministries, departments, agencies etc.)
  • Marsabit County Council Government / state institutions (government, ministries, departments, agencies etc.)
  • Government of Kenya Government / state institutions (government, ministries, departments, agencies etc.)
Comment on investment chain
Additional consortium partners are: Vestas Wind Systems A/S, Norwegian Investment Fund for Developing Countries (Norfund), Industrial Fund for Developing Countries (IFU) Denmark and Finnish Fund for Industrial Cooperation Ltd (Finnfund). Around Sh75 billion was invested Lake Turkana Wind Power project case
Additional consortium partners are: Vestas Wind Systems A/S, Norwegian Investment Fund for Developing Countries (Norfund), Industrial Fund for Developing Countries (IFU) Denmark and Finnish Fund for Industrial Cooperation Ltd (Finnfund). Around Sh75 billion was invested Lake Turkana Wind Power project case. Estimated Investment:€625m ($858m approximately).Lake Turkana Wind Power (LTWP) has failed to overturn a Kenya High Court ruling that the land on which its 310 MW wind power project in Kenya sits was acquired irregularly and without due process, risking cancellation of its title deeds.The project is connected to the Kenyan national grid through a 438 km transmission line constructed by the Kenya Transmission Company (Ketraco)
Comment on community reaction
The affected communities filed the case to stop the Lake Turkana Wind Power Limited in October 2013 until their grievances are addressed.
The affected communities filed the case to stop the Lake Turkana Wind Power Limited in October 2013 until their grievances are addressed. The communities reacted to the LTWP project with frustration and legal action due to the lack of adequate consultation and compensation. They complained that their rights to Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) were not respected and that the land acquisition process was irregular. The lack of inclusion and the imposition of the project without their participation generated strong opposition, leading the communities to sue for the regularization of the situation and the return of the unused land. Presence of land conflicts
Comment on displacement of people
concession is home to pastoralists in a culturally significant area (for ceremonies by Rendille and Samburu clan also traces its origins to a water pool in the concession). Turkana village which was next to the wind turbines was relocated by the company.
concession is home to pastoralists in a culturally significant area (for ceremonies by Rendille and Samburu clan also traces its origins to a water pool in the concession). Turkana village which was next to the wind turbines was relocated by the company. The project did result in the displacement of people. Specifically, the Sarima village was relocated to make room for the project, affecting approximately 1,180 individuals. These relocations led to significant issues, such as increased population in the new village, substance abuse, prostitution, and inadequate sanitation facilities​. Negative impacts for local communities
Negative impacts for local communities
Cultural loss, Eviction, Displacement, Violence
Environmental degradation, Cultural loss, Eviction, Displacement, Violence, Other
Comment on negative impacts for local communities
The project has fueled conflicted between the affected communities because they are all fighting for the few jobs available and little CSR.
The project has fueled conflicted between the affected communities because they are all fighting for the few jobs available and little CSR.The impacts on the communities from the Lake Turkana Wind Power Project include the displacement of ancestral lands without proper consultation, and the lack of recognition as indigenous peoples, thereby avoiding stricter safeguard policies. Additionally, the project has caused cultural and economic disruptions, such as the destruction of significant sites. There have been conflicts and threats of repression from the government to clear roadblocks set up by the communities. There is also concern for wildlife, particularly migratory birds. In response, the communities have resisted these actions, defending their lands and rights.
Presence of organizations and actions taken (e.g. farmer organizations, NGOs, etc.)
Sarima Indigenous Peoples Land Forum.
Former land owner
Community
State, Community, Indigenous people
Former land use
Pastoralism
Smallholder agriculture, Pastoralism, Hunting/Gathering
Electricity generation
  • [current] On-shore wind turbines 35.3 ha 0 %
    Number of turbines: 365 Currently installed capacity: 310,25 MW
  • [2020, current] On-shore wind turbines 0 %
    Number of turbines: 365 Currently installed capacity: 310 MW Intended capacity: 310 MW
Carbon sequestration/offsetting
  • [2011, current] Wind farm ( 10β€―273 ha)
    Estimated emission reduction/removal during project lifetime: 3β€―572β€―188 tCO2e
    Estimated annual emission reduction/removal: 510β€―313 tCO2e
    Project proponents: Lake Turkana Wind Power Limited and Carbon Africa Limited​
    Certification standard:
    Name: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
    Status: Registered
    ID: 1039
Comment on in country processing of produce
wind power to the Kenya national grid (300MW) - the power produced will be bought at a fixed price by Kenya Power (KPLC) over a 20-year period in accordance with the signed Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)
Overall comment
The power produced is bought at a fixed price by Kenya Power (KPLC) over a 20-year period in accordance with the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with the latter

Location #OEkBHIRd

Comment
Located in Loyangalani District, Marsabit West County, in north-eastern Kenya, approximately 50km north of South Horr Township. The project area is located between the foot slopes of Mt Kulal and the south-eastern end of Lake Turkana in Loiyangalani Location. The leased land runs south east from the south eastern shores of Lake Turkana and passes between Mts. Kulal and Nyiru.
Located in Loiyangalani District, Marsabit West County, northeastern Kenya, the project area lies 50 km north of South Horr Township, between Mt. Kulal’s foothills and the southeastern shore of Lake Turkana.

Data source #yFiAkq8q

File
Type
Company sources
Url
Keep PDF not public
No
Publication title
Lake Turkana Wind Power project website

Data source #s2nHGyV9

File
Organisation
business daily africa.
Business daily africa

Data source #qQxFepLG

Keep PDF not public
No
Yes

Data source #uWf52B79

Keep PDF not public
No
Yes

Data source #P69Xza6H

Organisation
wind power monthly.
Wind power monthly

Data source #8zlsO5C6

Organisation
the conversation
The conversation

Data source #k6FMvUme

File
Comment on data source
Published by Openland contract. Document size too large to upload. Lake Turkana Wind Power, Human Rights Risk Assessment, Lake Turkana, 2009

Data source #s38PV_ab

Organisation
ltwp

Data source #j6WP65gS

File
Type
Company sources
Url
Keep PDF not public
No
Publication title
Project design document form
Date
2022-02-03
Organisation
unfccc

Data source #A1tQ9yO-

File
Type
Company sources
Url
Keep PDF not public
No
Publication title
Kenya rules that a 310 MW wind project was built on land acquired irregularly
Date
2023-05-26
Organisation
Enerdata

Data source #NXv1hfL2

File
Type
Media report
Url
Keep PDF not public
No
Publication title
American BlackRock invests in 310 MW Lake Turkana wind farm
Date
2024-02-20
Name
Jean Marie Takouleu
Organisation
Afrik 21

Data source #FEractHD

File
Type
Media report
Url
Keep PDF not public
No
Publication title
Impact of renewable energy projects on Indigenous communities in Kenya Date
Date
2020
Organisation
IWGIA

Data source #KYExtue6

File
Type
Media report
Url
Keep PDF not public
No
Publication title
The cost of ignoring human rights and Indigenous Peoples
Date
2021
Organisation
IWGIA

Data source #oOjOT1m6

File
Type
Company sources
Url
Keep PDF not public
No
Publication title
Overview - Lake Turkana Wind Power
Date
2024
Organisation
Lake Turkana Wind Power

Data source #W4jK1ozz

File
Type
Media report
Url
Keep PDF not public
No
Publication title
UK Firm, CFP UK Holdings LTD, to Acquire 31.25% Stake in Lake Turkana Wind Power
Date
2023-03-14
Name
Rosemary Muthoni
Organisation
Kenyan Wall Street

Data source #cE_Grr29

File
Type
Media report
Url
Keep PDF not public
No
Publication title
BlackRock buys shares in 310MW Lake Turkana wind farm in Kenya
Date
2024-02-24
Organisation
By RenewAfrica.Biz