| Deal #4566 | Version 94308 | Version 95891 |
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General info | ||
| Intended size | 60β―719.98 ha | 60β―700 ha |
| Size under contract (leased or purchased area) |
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| Size in operation (production) |
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| Comment on land area | Lake Turkana Wind Power project concession covers an area of 607 square kilometres (60700 ha). Within the concession, the wind farm development occupies 162 square kilometres (16200 ha). | |
| Intention of investment |
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| Comment on intention of investment | The remaining area acting as a buffer around the wind farm site. The actual Wind Farm site is 40,000 acres (16187 ha), of which LTWPβs permanent structures occupy less than 87.5 acres. The remaining land, representing 99.8% of the Project site, is open to the public and continues to be used by the local nomadic population | |
| Carbon offset project | Yes | |
| Comment on nature of the deal | The project area has been leased from the Government of Kenya (GoK) for a period of 99 years- although another source states only 15 years. | The project area has been leased from the Government of Kenya (GoK) for a period of 99 period. |
| Implementation status |
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| Comment on implementation status | Construction began in October 2014. 50 to 90MW of capacity expected to be commissioned by 2015 January . The pastoralists from Loiyangalani and Marsabit South districts, filed the case to stop the project until their grievances are addressed. The project was completed in 2017, however the line evacuating the power generated was not completed until July 2019. In 2021, Lake Turkana Wind Power said it takes full advantage of digitisation. | The Lake Turkana Wind Power Project was granted the exclusive study rights in 2006, followed by the lease agreement signing in 2009. Construction began in 2014, and operations commenced in 2018β. |
Employment | ||
| Comment on jobs created (total) | LTWP is the largest private employer in Marsabit County. To date, the Project has employed approximately 3,000 people. Currently, LTWP employs 329 people, of whom 85% come from Marsabit County, 14% from other parts of Kenya and 1% from outside of Kenya. | LTWP is the largest private employer in Marsabit County. To date, the Project has employed approximately 3,000 people. Currently, LTWP employs 329 people, of whom 85% come from Marsabit County, 14% from other parts of Kenya and 1% from outside of Kenya.
330 local employees; 2,500 employed during construction. |
| Comment on jobs created (domestic) | 900 jobs planned during construction, 150 jobs planned full-time once the plant is operational.
Another report presented more than 2,500 people were employed during the LTWP construction period, 75 percent of whom were local residents.
LTWP employs 329 people, of whom 85% come from Marsabit County, 14% from other parts of Kenya and 1% from outside of Kenya. | |
Investor info | ||
| Actors involved in the negotiation / admission process |
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| Comment on investment chain | Additional consortium partners are: Vestas Wind Systems A/S, Norwegian Investment Fund for Developing Countries (Norfund), Industrial Fund for Developing Countries (IFU) Denmark and Finnish Fund for Industrial Cooperation Ltd (Finnfund). Around Sh75 billion was invested Lake Turkana Wind Power project case | Additional consortium partners are: Vestas Wind Systems A/S, Norwegian Investment Fund for Developing Countries (Norfund), Industrial Fund for Developing Countries (IFU) Denmark and Finnish Fund for Industrial Cooperation Ltd (Finnfund). Around Sh75 billion was invested Lake Turkana Wind Power project case.
Estimated Investment:β¬625m ($858m approximately).Lake Turkana Wind Power (LTWP) has failed to overturn a Kenya High Court ruling that the land on which its 310 MW wind power project in Kenya sits was acquired irregularly and without due process, risking cancellation of its title deeds.The project is connected to the Kenyan national grid through a 438 km transmission line constructed by the Kenya Transmission Company (Ketraco) |
Local communities / indigenous peoples | ||
| Comment on community reaction | The affected communities filed the case to stop the Lake Turkana Wind Power Limited in October 2013 until their grievances are addressed. | The affected communities filed the case to stop the Lake Turkana Wind Power Limited in October 2013 until their grievances are addressed.
The communities reacted to the LTWP project with frustration and legal action due to the lack of adequate consultation and compensation. They complained that their rights to Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) were not respected and that the land acquisition process was irregular. The lack of inclusion and the imposition of the project without their participation generated strong opposition, leading the communities to sue for the regularization of the situation and the return of the unused land.
Presence of land conflicts |
| Comment on displacement of people | concession is home to pastoralists in a culturally significant area (for ceremonies by Rendille and Samburu clan also traces its origins to a water pool in the concession). Turkana village which was next to the wind turbines was relocated by the company. | concession is home to pastoralists in a culturally significant area (for ceremonies by Rendille and Samburu clan also traces its origins to a water pool in the concession). Turkana village which was next to the wind turbines was relocated by the company.
The project did result in the displacement of people. Specifically, the Sarima village was relocated to make room for the project, affecting approximately 1,180 individuals. These relocations led to significant issues, such as increased population in the new village, substance abuse, prostitution, and inadequate sanitation facilitiesβ.
Negative impacts for local communities |
| Negative impacts for local communities | Cultural loss, Eviction, Displacement, Violence | Environmental degradation, Cultural loss, Eviction, Displacement, Violence, Other |
| Comment on negative impacts for local communities | The project has fueled conflicted between the affected communities because they are all fighting for the few jobs available and little CSR. | The project has fueled conflicted between the affected communities because they are all fighting for the few jobs available and little CSR.The impacts on the communities from the Lake Turkana Wind Power Project include the displacement of ancestral lands without proper consultation, and the lack of recognition as indigenous peoples, thereby avoiding stricter safeguard policies. Additionally, the project has caused cultural and economic disruptions, such as the destruction of significant sites. There have been conflicts and threats of repression from the government to clear roadblocks set up by the communities. There is also concern for wildlife, particularly migratory birds. In response, the communities have resisted these actions, defending their lands and rights. |
| Presence of organizations and actions taken (e.g. farmer organizations, NGOs, etc.) | Sarima Indigenous Peoples Land Forum. | |
Former use | ||
| Former land owner | Community | State, Community, Indigenous people |
| Former land use | Pastoralism | Smallholder agriculture, Pastoralism, Hunting/Gathering |
Produce info | ||
| Electricity generation |
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| Carbon sequestration/offsetting |
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| Comment on in country processing of produce | wind power to the Kenya national grid (300MW) - the power produced will be bought at a fixed price by Kenya Power (KPLC) over a 20-year period in accordance with the signed Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) | |
Water | ||
Gender-related info | ||
Overall comment | ||
| Overall comment | The power produced is bought at a fixed price by Kenya Power (KPLC) over a 20-year period in accordance with the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with the latter | |
Meta | ||
Locations | ||
Location #OEkBHIRd | ||
| Comment | Located in Loyangalani District, Marsabit West County, in north-eastern Kenya, approximately 50km north of South Horr Township. The project area is located between the foot slopes of Mt Kulal and the south-eastern end of Lake Turkana in Loiyangalani Location. The leased land runs south east from the south eastern shores of Lake Turkana and passes between Mts. Kulal and Nyiru. | Located in Loiyangalani District, Marsabit West County, northeastern Kenya, the project area lies 50 km north of South Horr Township, between Mt. Kulalβs foothills and the southeastern shore of Lake Turkana. |
Data sources | ||
Data source #yFiAkq8q | ||
| File | ||
| Type | Company sources | |
| Url | ||
| Keep PDF not public | No | |
| Publication title | Lake Turkana Wind Power project website | |
Data source #s2nHGyV9 | ||
| File | ||
| Organisation | business daily africa. | Business daily africa |
Data source #qQxFepLG | ||
| Keep PDF not public | No | Yes |
Data source #uWf52B79 | ||
| Keep PDF not public | No | Yes |
Data source #P69Xza6H | ||
| Organisation | wind power monthly. | Wind power monthly |
Data source #8zlsO5C6 | ||
| Organisation | the conversation | The conversation |
Data source #k6FMvUme | ||
| File | ||
| Comment on data source | Published by Openland contract. Document size too large to upload.
Lake Turkana Wind Power, Human Rights Risk Assessment, Lake Turkana, 2009 | |
Data source #s38PV_ab | ||
| Organisation | ltwp | |
Data source #j6WP65gS | ||
| File | ||
| Type | Company sources | |
| Url | ||
| Keep PDF not public | No | |
| Publication title | Project design document form | |
| Date | 2022-02-03 | |
| Organisation | unfccc | |
Data source #A1tQ9yO- | ||
| File | ||
| Type | Company sources | |
| Url | ||
| Keep PDF not public | No | |
| Publication title | Kenya rules that a 310 MW wind project was built on land acquired irregularly | |
| Date | 2023-05-26 | |
| Organisation | Enerdata | |
Data source #NXv1hfL2 | ||
| File | ||
| Type | Media report | |
| Url | ||
| Keep PDF not public | No | |
| Publication title | American BlackRock invests in 310 MW Lake Turkana wind farm | |
| Date | 2024-02-20 | |
| Name | Jean Marie Takouleu | |
| Organisation | Afrik 21 | |
Data source #FEractHD | ||
| File | ||
| Type | Media report | |
| Url | ||
| Keep PDF not public | No | |
| Publication title | Impact of renewable energy projects on Indigenous communities in Kenya Date | |
| Date | 2020 | |
| Organisation | IWGIA | |
Data source #KYExtue6 | ||
| File | ||
| Type | Media report | |
| Url | ||
| Keep PDF not public | No | |
| Publication title | The cost of ignoring human rights and Indigenous Peoples | |
| Date | 2021 | |
| Organisation | IWGIA | |
Data source #oOjOT1m6 | ||
| File | ||
| Type | Company sources | |
| Url | ||
| Keep PDF not public | No | |
| Publication title | Overview - Lake Turkana Wind Power | |
| Date | 2024 | |
| Organisation | Lake Turkana Wind Power | |
Data source #W4jK1ozz | ||
| File | ||
| Type | Media report | |
| Url | ||
| Keep PDF not public | No | |
| Publication title | UK Firm, CFP UK Holdings LTD, to Acquire 31.25% Stake in Lake Turkana Wind Power | |
| Date | 2023-03-14 | |
| Name | Rosemary Muthoni | |
| Organisation | Kenyan Wall Street | |
Data source #cE_Grr29 | ||
| File | ||
| Type | Media report | |
| Url | ||
| Keep PDF not public | No | |
| Publication title | BlackRock buys shares in 310MW Lake Turkana wind farm in Kenya | |
| Date | 2024-02-24 | |
| Organisation | By RenewAfrica.Biz | |
Contracts | ||